COMPLETE FABRICATION

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Week 2: 3D – PRINTING SCANNING + MOLDING CASTING + WATERJET

3D

Molding Casting, 3D Printing, 3D Scanning

OMAX

Precise, easy to use, fast to setup and program. Traditional waterjets have been used for applications such as cutting diapers, but nobody made a machine tool for the machine tool market. The abrasivejets that were available for machine tool work were very low tolerance, and built from a variety of custom configurations. OMAX brought precision, ease of use, and a standard product line to the market.

HISTORY

MACHINE 2652

ADVANTAGES

INCREASED USE

COMPARE

ABRASIVES

NOZZLES

TAPER

FIXTURES: There are many methods of fixturing the material down. The simplest is to place a plate of material on the machine, and anchor it with weights. Handi-grips are also used to secure the plate in the X and Y directions. More advanced fixturing can be employed if needed for specialty applications or secondary machining. waterjet brick

MATERIALS CUT:

CERAMICS

COMPOSITES

ALLOYS

GLASS

Dual pressure piercing allows for piercing of glass with minimal risk of cracking. OMAX JetMachining Centers come standard with dual pressure capabilities. OMAX Machines also have a special “brittle mode” that works in conjunction with low-pressure piercing to slowly raise the pump pressure during the pierce to avoid a sudden shock to the material by a rapid change in pressure. Using these techniques reduces the risk of cracking, making glass cutting into a very profitable venture.

RUBBER

STONE

WOOD

METAL

FEED RATE

SOFTWARE

MAKE

LAYOUT

DEMO F-22

ALUMINUM TABLE

ROTARY AXIS

MOLDING + CASTING

MOLDING + CASTING

Sand Casting

Investment Casting (Lost Wax Casting)

Shell Molding

Life Casting

Evaporative-pattern Casting

Spin Casting

Slip Casting

Flask Casting

Die Casting

Vacuum Molding

Injection Molding

Vacuum Forming

MOLD MAKING

Draft – When making a pattern it is best to taper the edges so that the pattern can be removed without breaking the mold. This is called draft.

Undercut – The opposite of draft is an undercut where there is part of the pattern under the sand making it impossible to remove the pattern without damaging the mould

Pattern

Cope and Drag

Casting Flask

Cores

Chaplets

Cheeks

Sprue

Riser

FOUNDRY

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundry

Melting

Mold Making

Pouring

Shakeout

Degating

Surface Cleaning

Finishing

CONTRUCTION

Tilt-up

Poured in Place

Precast

MATERIALS

   latex
   polyurethane
   PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) PDMS is the most widely used silicon-based organic polymer,
   thermoplastic, thermoset polymers
   calcium sulfate - Hydrostone
      desicant, coagulant, plaster, gypsum, drywall
   Portland cement
      calcium silicate, aluminum/iron oxide, calcium sulfate
   metal, ceramic powders
   low-temp alloys
   waxes
   gels
   food

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EXAMPLES

Foamed Aluminum

Tree

Niemeyer

Eero saarinen

FLW Guggenheim

Roni Horn

LINKS

Foundry Technology

David Cranor

Boris

David Carr

ASSIGNMENT

Using 1 or a combination of previously explored techniques, machine a mold and cast parts in it

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LAB SESSION
Vacuum Forming Tuesday @ 12 noon w John D.
Asli - Wednesday @ 5pm...Visual Cam
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inventory
   Smooth-On
      5  PMC 121-30 DRY-Trial Size/24.72/$123.60
      5  PMC 121-30 WET-Trial Size/24.72/$123.60
   US Gypsum
      10   Hydrostone Super X - 1 Gallon Pail   $9.25   $99.25
   Blick Art Materials
      10   33523-1005 INSTAMOLD COMPOUND, 12OZ   $6.92   $69.20
      5    33504-1925 FLEXWAX MATERIAL, 2.5LB    $14.99  $74.95
   McMaster-Carr 
      10 2388A71 Ss Pocket Rule Without Clip Or Depth Gauge Inch Decimal Graduations, 6" Length $5.01 Each $50.10
      1  1760T86 Compact Digital Bench Scale with Ss Platform 2000 Grams X 0.1 Grams, 70.55 oz X .005 oz $295.45 (needs converter outside of US)
      5  9389K61/Nonabrasive Machinable Wax Hard Purple Bar, 1-1/4" Thick X 3-1/2" W X 12" L/$23.64 Each/$118.20
      2  1865T35 Plastic Cup Polypropylene, 2-1/2 oz, 2-3/8" Top OD X 1-5/8" H, Packs of 125 $7.03 Pack $14.06
      1  77985T54 6" Length Wooden Paint Stirrer, Packs of 500 $8.23 Pack $16.46
      2  52555T1 Nitrile Disposable Gloves Powder Free, 5 MIL Thick, 9-1/2" L, Large, Blue, Boxes of 100 $13.33 Box $26.66
   Staples
      5  617688/Model RK5 Translucent Plastic Cold Cups, 5-oz, 100/Pack/$2.99 100/Pack/$14.95
      5  563562/TP10 Solo Plastic Party Cups, 10-oz./$6.79 50/Pack/$33.95
      5  494051/Model TP16 Solo Plastic Party Cups, 16-oz. Clear/$5.79 50/Pack/$28.95
      10 538868/Model 5320 Kimberly-Clark Utility Wipes, 9" x 10 1/2", 125/Pack/$3.79 125/Pack/$37.90
   Budnick Converting 
   West Marine

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3D PRINTING + 3D SCANNING

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3D SCANNING

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DIGITIZING ARM

SCANNED PROBE

TRIANGULATION

STRUCTURED LIGHT

Structured light is the process of projecting a known pattern of pixels (often grids or  horizontal bars) on to a scene. The way that these deform when striking  surfaces allows vision systems to calculate the depth and surface  information of the objects in the scene, as used in structured light 3D  scanners.

TIME OF FLIGHT

Time of flight (TOF) describes a variety of methods  that measure the time that it takes for an object, particle or acoustic,  electromagnetic or other wave to travel a distance through a medium.  This measurement can be used for a time standard (such as an atomic  fountain), as a way to measure velocity or path length through a given  medium, or as a way to learn about the particle or medium (such as  composition or flow rate). The traveling object may be detected directly  (e.g., ion detector in mass spectrometry) or indirectly (e.g., light  scattered from an object in laser doppler velocimetry).

LIDAR

LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging)  is an optical remote sensing technology that measures properties of  scattered light to find range and/or other information of a distant  target.

CONFOCAL

Confocal laser scanning microscopy

TOMOGRAPHY

skyscan

Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning, through the use of wave of energy.[1] A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, geophysics, oceanography, materials science, astrophysics and other sciences. In most cases it is based on the mathematical procedure called tomographic reconstruction. The word was derived from the Greek word tomos which means "a section", "a slice" or "a cutting". A tomography of several sections of the body is known as a polytomography.

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

OPACITY

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3D PRINTING

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FUSED DEPOSITION MODELLING

MULTIJET MODELLING

INK JET BINDER

SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING

Wikipedia

DIRECT METAL SINTERING

STEREOLITHOGRAPHY

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FILE FORMATS

STL 

.obj

LINKS

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http://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/MIT/863.09/people/nick/week6/index.html

http://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/MIT/863.09/people/dcarr/3d/3d.html

http://fab.cba.mit.edu/classes/MIT/863.09/people/sarah/3D/index

GREG LYNN RECYCLED TOY FURNITURE pics

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ASSIGNMENT

3D print Something which moves or has operability

Extra Credit for Scanning

4.196 Special Problems in Architectural Design Complete Fabrications Nick Gelpi Mon-Fri, Jan 5-7, 10-11, 13-14, 18, 20-21, 24-25, 27-28, 01-04:00pm, 3-402/7-432studio, 1st mtg Wed 1/5 Pre-register on WebSIS and attend first class. No listeners Prereq: Permission of instructor ; Yr-1 MArch students who have completed 4.123 only Level: H 9 units Standard A - F Grading Can be repeated for credit Lab Fee: 150 A comprehensive introduction to methods of “making” explored through a wide range of brief but focused exercises. Skills = developing complex geometries from flat components; fine-tuning press fit construction, molding and casting, and making repeatable molds for customization. A two-part workshop, the first half will contextualize contemporary tools and techniques within the trajectories of historical case studies of building, combined with hands on familiarization of tools. The second half will implement the tools of our workshop in the context of Design. Working on group design build process for three MIT 150 FAST installations, students will test and influencing designs through the instrumentality of production. These hands-on design build projects are intended to produce reciprocity between skills and design, making more complete the problems of fabrication. Subject limited to year-one MArch students who have completed core-1 studio. Contact: Nick Gelpi, 9-224, 253-9415, ngelpi@mit.edu -

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